Urban air pollution in Jakarta

High severity. Serious, widespread effects requiring sustained action. Severity is descriptive editorial metadata summarising documented effects. It is not a measured index or a score.

1. 01

   Road traffic

   Large numbers of cars and motorcycles in a congested metropolitan area produce sustained emissions.

2. 02

   Industry and power generation

   Industrial facilities and fossil-fuelled power plants in the surrounding region contribute to the regional pollutant load.

3. 03

   Dry-season meteorology

   Reduced rainfall and weaker dispersion in the dry season allow pollutants to accumulate.

1. 01

   Health burden

   Sustained fine particulate exposure raises rates of respiratory and cardiovascular disease across the metropolitan population.

2. 02

   Reduced productivity

   Illness and poor air quality days reduce working hours and school attendance.

3. 03

   Regional haze

   Pollution is not confined to city boundaries and affects surrounding settlements.

1. Mass transit expansion

   MRT, LRT and bus rapid transit reduce dependence on private vehicles.

   Expected effectCuts transport emissions where networks connect origins and destinations well.

2. Emission standards and monitoring

   Vehicle emission testing, industrial standards and expanded monitoring with public reporting.

   Expected effectReduces emissions per source and improves enforcement.

3. Cleaner power generation

   Shifting regional generation away from coal toward lower-emission sources.

   Expected effectReduces a significant regional contribution to particulate pollution.

WHO annual PM2.5 guideline

5µg/m³2021

Jakarta's monitored annual averages are documented as well above this guideline; consult current monitoring for values.

1. [1]WHO Air Quality DatabaseWorld Health Organization · Jan 2022who.int(opens in a new tab)

Links open the publishing organisation's site. Some point to the publisher's main page, where the named report or dataset can be found.